Cardiff Theosophical Society

206 Newport Road,

Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF24 1DL.

 

 

Glossary of Egyptian Mythology

 

Return to Homepage

 

 

ABTU. . The Greeks called this place Abydos. It was the seat of worship of Osiris. It was also called Busiris, “the house of Osiris”. Egyptian tradition says that the sun ended his daily journey at Abydos, and entered into the underworld here, through a gap in the mountains called “peq”. In the 12th dynasty it was believed that the souls of the dead entered into the afterlife here.

AKER. . The double lion god, gaurdian of the sunrise and sunset.  Gaurdian of the peaks that supported the sky. The western peak was called Manu, while the eastern peak was called Bakhu.  AKH. . The akh was the aspect of a person that would join the gods in the underworld being immortal and unchangeable. It was created after death by the use of funerary text and spells, designed to bring forth an akh. Once this was achieved that individual was assured of not “dying a second time” a death that would mean the end of one’s existence.  AKHET. . This was the horizon from which the sun emerged and disappeared. The horizon thus embodied the idea of both sunrise and sunset. It is similar to the two peaks of the Djew or mountain symbol with a solar disk in the center. Both the beginning and the end of each day was guarded by Aker, a double lion god. In the New Kingdom, Harmakhet (“Horus in the Horizon”) became the god of the rising and setting sun. He was pictured as a falcon, or as a sphinx with the body of a lion. The Great Sphinx of Giza is an example of “Horus in the Horizon”.

AMARNA. . The name given to the historical time period under the rule of Amenophis IV /Akhenaten. During this time period there were unprecedented changes in the government, art and religion.  AMENTA . . The Underworld. Originally the place where the sun set, this name was later applied to the West Bank of the Nile where the Egyptians built their tombs.

AMMUT. . A female demon, she is found in The Book of the Dead, She plays an important role in the Hall of Maat.

AMULET. . A charm, often in the form of hieroglyphs, gods or sacred animals; made of precious stones or faience. They were worn like jewelry during life, and were included within the mummy wrappings for the afterlife.

AMUN. . A god who’s cult center was the temple of Amun at Karnak. He was considered to be king of all the gods and the the creator of all things.  ANROSPHINX. . One of three varieties of Egyptian sphinx, having the head of a man.

ANKH. . A symbol of life, resembling a looped cross. It was later adapted by Coptic Christians as their cross. Widely used as an amulet.  ANTHROPOID. . A Greek word meaning; man-shaped. This term is used for coffins made in the shape of a human.

ANUBIS. . A jackal headed god. Guardian of the necropolis.  APIS BULL. . The Apis Bull was sacred to Osiris. It was revered from the earliest times, through the Graeco-Roman period.  AQUERT. . A name for the land of the dead.  ATEF CROWN. . The atef crown was worn by Osiris. It is made up of the white crown of Upper Egypt and the red feathers are representative of Busiris, Osiris’s cult center in the Delta.  ATEN. . The god that gained its prominence during the reign of Akhenaten, who abolished the traditional cults of Egypt and replaced them with the Aten. This created the first monotheistic cult in the world.

B

BA. . The ba can best be described as someone’s personality. Like a person’s body, each ba was an individual. It entered a person’s body with the breath of life and it left at the time of death. The ba is associated with divinity and power. It had the ability to take on different forms, in this respect the gods had many bas. The ba of the deceased is able to move freely between the underworld and the physical world. The ba is similar to the ka.

BASTET. . A cat headed goddess. As a sun goddess she represents the warm, life giving power of the sun.

BAKHU. . The mythical mountain from which the sun rose. The region of the eastern horizon. One of two mountains that held up the sky, the other being Manu. These peaks were guarded by the double lion god, Aker.  BARQUE. . A boat in which the gods sailed. The barque of Ra carried a host of deities across the sky each day.  BARQUE SHRINE. . Model barques were kept in these shrines in temples.  These model barques were used to carry deities out of the temples in festival processions.

BIRTH HOUSE. . These were small temples, attached to the main temples of the Late and Greco-Roman Periods. These small temples are where the god of the main temple was born, or if the main temple was dedicated to a goddess it was where she bore her children.  BENBEN. . A stone resembling an obelisk, representative of a sun ray BENNU. . an aspect of Ra-Atum in the form of a phoenix. The patron of the reckoning of time. The carrier of eternal light from the abode of the gods to the world of men.

BOOK OF THE DEAD. . This is a collection of magic spells and formulas

that was illustrated and written, usually on papyrus. It began to appear

in Egyptian tombs around 1600 BC. The text was intended to be spoken by

the deceased during their journey into the Underworld. It enabled the

deceased to overcome obstacles in the afterlife. It did this by teaching

passwords that allowed the deceased to turn into mythical creatures to

navigate around hazards, while granting the help and protection of the

gods, and proclaiming the deceased’s identity with the gods. The texts

continue the tradition of the Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts. There are

about 200 known spells and the choice of spells can vary from copy to

copy.

 

C

CANOPIC JARS. . Four jars used to store the preserved internal organs of the deceased. Each jar is representative of one of the four sons of Horus. The term comes from the Greek , Canopus, a demigod venerated in the form of a human headed jar.

CARTONNAGE. . Papyrus or linen soaked in plaster, shaped around a body.

Used for mummy masks and coffins.

 

CARTOUCHE. . A circle with a horizontal bar at the bottom, elongated into an oval within which king’s names are written It is believed to act as a protector of the kings name. The sign represents a loop of rope that is never ending.

 

CENOTAPH. . From the Greek word meaning; “empty tomb”. A tomb built for ceremonial purposes that was never intended to be used for the interment of the deceased.

COFFIN TEXTS. . Texts written inside coffins of the Middle Kingdom that are intended to direct the souls of the dead past the dangers and perils encountered on the journey through the afterlife. More than 1,000 spells are known.

COLOSSUS. . A more then life size statue, often of a kings, but also of gods and even private individuals. These huge statues usually flank the gates or pylons of temples. They are believed to act as intermediaries between men and the gods.

CRIOSPHINX. . One of three varieties of Egyptian sphinx, having the head of a ram.

D

DESHRET. . The red crown. This was the crown that represented Lower Egypt (northern).

DIVINE ADORATRICE. . Chief priestess of Amun in Thebes, an office known from the New Kingdom through the Late Period. The office was an important vehicle of political control.  DJED COLUMN . . It is believed that the Djed is a rendering of a human backbone. It represents stability and strength. It was originally associated with the creation god Ptah. Himself being called the “Noble Djed”. As the Osiris cults took hold it became known as the backbone of Osiris . A djed column is often painted on the bottom of coffins, where the backbone of the deceased would lay, this identified the person with the king of the underworld, Osiris. It also acts as a sign of stability for the deceased’ journey into the afterlife.  DJEW. . This means mountain. The Egyptians believed that there was a cosmic mountain range that held up the heavens. This mountain range had two peaks, the western peak was called Manu, while the eastern peak was called Bakhu. It was on these peaks that heaven rested. Each peak of this mountain chain was guarded by a Akerlion deity named AKER, who’s job it was to protect the sun as it rose and set. The mountain was also a symbol of the tomb and the afterlife, probably because most Egyptian tombs were located in the mountainous land bordering the Nile valley. In some texts we find Anubis, the gaurdian of the tomb being referred to as “He who is upon his mountain.” Sometimes we find Hathor takeing on the attributes of a deity of the afterlife, at this time she is called “Mistress of the Necropolis.” She is rendered as the head of a cow protruding from a mountainside.

DROMOS. . A straight, paved avenue flanked by sphinxes.  DUAT. . The land of the dead. It Iies under the earth and is entered through the western horizon.

E

ENNEAD. . A group of 9 deities that are associated with a major cult center. The best known is the great ennead of Heliopolis, It consists of Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys.  ELECTRUM. . A mixture of gold and silver.

F

FAIENCE. . A glazed material, with a base of either carved soapstone or moulded clay, with an overlay of blue/green colored glass.  FALSE DOOR. . A door carved or painted on a wall. The ka would use this door to partake of funerary offerings.

FECUNDITY FIGURE. . Type of offering bearer rendered at the base of temple walls. They are shown bringing offerings into the temple. The male figures are often shown with heavy pendulous breasts and bulging stomachs, this plumpness symbolizing the abundance of the offerings they bring.

FETISH. . An animal skin hanging from a stick. It was used by the cults of Osiris and Anubis.

FLAGELLUM. . A crop or whip used to ward off evil spirits.  FUNERARY CONES . . Clay cones inserted above a tombs entrance with the name and title of the deceased.

FUNERARY OFFERINGS . . Bread, beer, wine and other food items provided by mourners or magically, through inscriptions and pictures in the tomb.  FLAME. . This symbol represents a lamp or brazier on a stand from which a flame emerges. Fire was embodied in the sun and in its symbol the uraeus which spit fire. Fire also plays a part in the Egyptian concept of the underworld. There is one terrifying aspect of the underworld which is similar to the christians concept of hell. Most egyptians would like to avoid this place with its fiery lakes and rivers that are inhabited by fire demons.

G

GEB . . A god that is sometimes pictured with the head of a goose. Geb was called ‘the Great Cackler’, and as such, was represented as a goose.  It was in this form that he was said to have laid the egg from which the sun was hatched. He was believed to have been the third divine king of earth. The royal throne of Egypt was known as the ‘throne of Geb’ in honor of his great reign.

H

HAPI. . The god of the Nile, particularly the inundation. He is pictured as a bearded man coloured blue or green, with female breasts, indicating his powers of nourishment. As god of the Northern Nile he wears papyrus plants on his head, and as god of the southern Nile he wears lotus plants.

HATHOR. . Hathor was the goddess of joy, motherhood, and love. Hathor was originally worshipped in the form of a cow, sometimes as a cow with stars on her. Later she is represented as a woman with the head of a cow, and finally with a human head, the face broad and placid, sometimes she is depicted with the ears or horns of a cow.  HEDJET. . A white crown. This was the crown of Upper Egypt (southern).  HIERACOSPHINX. . One of three varieties of Egyptian sphinx, having the head of a hawk.

HIERATIC. . From the Greek word meaning “sacred,” Although this form of the written language was used throughout Egyptian history, it’s name comes from the later periods when it was used only in religious texts.  HIEROGLYPH. . The Egyptian picture language. From the Greek word meaning “sacred carving”. The symbols are individual pictures that do not join together.

HIGH PRIEST. . The head of the local priesthood.  HORUS. . A falcon headed god. Horus was so important to the state religion that Pharaohs were considered his human manifestation and even took on the name Horus.

HORUS NAME. . A king’s name. It identifies the king with a form of the god Horus.

HYPOSTYLE HALL. . From the Greek word meaning; “bearing pillars”. It is a term used to describe the grand, outermost halls. They are believed to represent a grove of trees.

I

IBU. . The tent of purification. This is the place where mummification was preformed.

IEB. . This is the heart. The Egyptians believed the heart was the center of all consciousness, even the center of life itself. When someone died it was said that their “heart had departed.” It was the only organ that was not removed from the body during mummification. In the Book of the dead, it was the heart that was weighed against the feather of Maat to see if an individual was worthy of joining Osiris in the afterlife.

ISIS. . Isis was a great enchantress, the goddess of magic. She is often represented as a woman wearing on her head the hieroglyphic symbol of her name, which represents a throne or seat.  ITHYPHALLIC. . From the Greek word meaning; “with erect penis”. Various gods are represented in this form. Most notably Min and Amun.

J

K

KA. . The ka is usually translated as “double”, it represents a person’s double. It is what we would call a spirit or a soul. The ka was created at the same time as the physical body. It was believed that the ram-headed god Khnum crafted the ka on his potter’s wheel at the time of a persons birth. A persons ka would live on after their body had died.  It was thought that when someone died they “met their ka”. The ka existed in the physical world and resided in the tomb (House of the Ka).  It had the same needs that the person had in life, which was to eat, drink, etc. The Egyptians left offerings of food, drink, and worldly possessions in tombs for the ka to use.  KHEPRESH. . The blue crown was a ceremonial crown.  KHEPRI. . A scarab headed god. The Egyptians believed that Khepri pushed the sun across the sky in much the same fashion that a dung beetle (scarab) pushed a ball of dung across the ground.  KHET. . This is a flame or fire. Fire was embodied in the sun and in its symbol the uraeus which spit fire. Fire also plays a part in the Egyptian concept of the underworld. There is one terrifying aspect of the underworld which is similar to the christians concept of hell. Most egyptians would like to avoid this place with its fiery lakes and rivers that are inhabited by fire demons.

KHNUM. . A ram headed god. His name means to create. He was the creator of all things that are and all things that shall be. He created the gods and he fashioned mankind on a potters wheel.  KHU . . A spiritual entity often mentioned in association with the ba. It was viewed as an entirely spiritual and absolutely immortal being.

L

LECTOR PRIEST. . Translates as “One who bears the ritual book”. This priests function was to recite from the ritual texts.

LOTUS. . A symbol of birth and dawn; it was thought to have been the

cradle of the sun on the first morning of creation, rising from the

primeval waters. The lotus was a common architectural motif,

particularly used on capitals

M

MAAT. . The concept of order, truth, regularity and justice which was all important to the ancient Egyptians. It was the duty of the pharaohs to uphold maat.

MAMMISI. . See BIRTH HOUSE

MANU. . The mythical mountain on which the sun set. The region of the western horizon. One of two mountains that held up the sky, the other being BAKHU. These peaks were guarded by the double lion god, AKER.  MASTABA. . The Arabic word meaning; “bench”. Used to describe tombs of the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom. The basic form resembled a bench.

MENAT. . A protective amulet invoking the divine favor. It was usually worn on a string of beads at the back of the neck, probably as a counterpoise to items of jewelry worn in front. Many of these amulets have been found in tombs. They were supposed to bring fertility to women and virility to men.

MENHED. . A scribes pallet. Writing was a very important skill to the ancient Egyptians. It was practiced by a group called scribes. The writing equipment used by scribes consisted of a palette, which held black and red pigments, a water jar, and a pen. To be a scribe was a favorable position, even some kings and nobles are show proudly displaying scribe palettes.

MIN. . In early times Min was a sky-god whose symbol was a thunderbolt.  His title was Chief of Heaven. He was also seen as a rain god that promoted the fertility of nature, especially in the growing of grain.  MISTRESS OF THE HOUSE. . Housewife, title given to married ladies from the Middle Kingdom onwards.

MORTUARY. . pertaining to the burial of the dead.  MORTUARY CULT. . People who provided funerary offerings for nourishment of the deceased.

MORTUARY PRIEST . . Called the “servant of the ka”. This was a Person who was appointed to bring daily offerings to a tomb.  MUMMY. . From the Persian word; “moumiya”. A preserved corpse by either natural or artificial means. Mummification involved thoroughly drying the body to remove the source of decay.  MUT. . Mut was the divine mother goddess, the queen of all gods. She is portraied as a woman wearing a vulture headdress, with the double crown(Pshent) of upper and lower Egypt.

N

NATRON. . A naturally occurring salt used as a preservative and drying agent during mummification. It is a mixture of four salts that occur in varying proportions: sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.

NAOS . . Shrine in which divine statues were kept, especially in temple sanctuaries. A small wooden naos was normally placed inside a monolithic one in hard stone; the latter are typical of the Late Period, and sometimes elaborately decorated. Also used as a term for temple sanctuary.

NEBU. . This is the Egyptian word for gold, which was considered a divine metal, it was thought to be the flesh of the gods. Its polished surface was related to the brilliance of the sun. Gold was important to the afterlife as it represents aspects of immortality. By the New Kingdom, the royal burial chamber was called the “House of Gold.” NECROPOLIS. . The Greek word meaning; “city of the dead” normally describes large and important burial areas that were in use for long periods.

NEITH. . A goddess of the hunt. She may have also been a war goddess.  Neith was pictured as a woman wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, holding a bow and crossed arrows. Her cult sign was a shield and crossed arrows.

NEKHBET. . A goddess portrayed as a vulture. Protectress of Upper Egypt.

NEMES. . A striped headcloth worn by Pharaohs.  NEPHTHYS. . A goddess, the twin sister of Osiris, Isis and Seth. She plays an important role in the Osiris legend. Her name means ‘Lady of the House’ it’s thought to be referring to Osiris’ Palace.  NETER. . This seems to be the egyptian word for the forces that are god or a group of gods, although the exact meaning is unknown.  NETER-KHERTET. . This translates as “divine subterranean place”. A name for the land of the dead.

NILOMETER. . Staircase descending into the Nile and marked with levels above low water; used for measuring, and in some cases recording, inundation levels. The most famous are on Elephantine island and on Roda island in Cairo.

NOMARCH. . The chief official of a nome. In the late Old Kingdom, and early Middle Kingdom nomarchs gained their office as hereditary rulers.  They governed their nomes more or less independently of any central authority. During periods of highly centralized government, nomes ceased to have much political importance.

NOME. . From the Greek, nomos; this is an administrative province of Egypt. The nome system started in the Early Dynastic Period. During some periods, when there was a highly centralized government the nomes had little political importance.

NU. . A swirling watery chaos from which the cosmic order was produced.  In the begining there was only Nu. See also the creation myths NUT. . Nut was originally a mother-goddess who had many children. The hieroglyph for her name, which she is often seen wearing on her head is a water pot, but it is also thought to represent a womb. As the sky goddess, she is shown stretching from horizon to horizon, touching only her fingertips and toes to the ground.

O

OBELISK. . From the Greek word meaning; “a spit”. It is a monumental tapering shaft usually made of pink granite. Capped with a pyramidion at the top. Obelisks are solar symbols similar in meaning to pyramids, they are associated with an ancient stone called BENBEN in Heliopolis. They were set in pairs, at the entrances of temples, and to some Old Kingdom tombs.

OGDOAD. . Term describing the group of 8 deities associated with Hermopolis. It contained four couples who symbolized the state of the world before creation. The group usually consists of: Nun and Naunet, representing the primeval waters; Huh and Hauhet, being endless space; Kuk and Kauket. are darkness; Amun and Amaunet. represent that which is hidden.

OPENING OF THE MOUTH. . This ceremony was performed at the funeral to restore the senses of the deceased. The ceremony was done by touching an adze to the mouth of a mummy or statue of the deceased, it was believed to restore the senses in preparation for the afterlife.  OPET. . A great religious festival that took place in Thebes during the inundation. The god Amun was taken from his temple at Karnak and brought to visit his wife, Mut at her temple of Luxor.  OSIRIS. . Supreme god and judge of the dead. The symbol of resurrection and eternal life. Provider of fertility and prosperity to the living. A bearded man wearing white mummy wrappings. Wearing the atef crown and holding the symbols of supreme power, the flail and crook. His skin is green to represent vegetation or red to represent the earth.  OSIRID PILLAR. . Pillar. mostly in an open court or portico, with a colossal statue of a king forming its front part; unlike caryatids in Classical architecture, the statues are not weight-bearing elements.  Most are mummiform, but not all; the connection with Osiris is doubtful.  OSTRACON. . From the Greek word meaning; “potsherd”. A chip or shard of limestone or pottery used as a writing tablet. Ostraca are known from all periods. but 19th and 20th-Dynasty examples are the most common. The texts can be anything from a simple shopping list to drafts of hieroglyphic inscriptions.

P

PANTHEON . . All the gods, collectively as a group.

PAPYRUS. . The main Egyptian writing material, and an important export.  The earliest papyrus dates to the Ist Dynasty, the latest to the Islamic Period. Oddly enough, the papyrus plant became extinct in Egypt, being reintroduced in the 1960’s, it is now an important link in the tourist trade. Sheets were made by cutting the stem of the plant into strips.  These strips were soaked in several baths to remove some of the sugar and starches. These strips were then laid in rows horizontally and vertically. Then it was beaten together, activating the plant’s natural starches and forming a glue that bound the sheet together. Separate sheets were glued together to form a roll.  PER NEFER . . The place where some of the purification and mummification rituals took place.

PET. . This is the sky depicted as a ceiling which drops at the ends, the same way the real sky seems to reach for the horizon. This sign was often used in architectural motifs; the top of walls, and door frames.  It symbolizes the heavens.

PRAENOMEN. . This is a king’s first cartouche name, which he adopted on his accession; also called the “throne name.” It consists of a statement about the god Ra.

PRONAOS. . Room in front of the naos sanctuary of a temple. The location of this room varies with the design of the temple.  PROPHET. . This translates as “God’s Servant”, There was usually a ranking; the high priest of Amun at Thebes was called “The First Prophet of Amun”; below him were the Second Prophet and so on. The head of the local cults, was often called “Overseer of Prophets.” PROPYLON. . Gateway that stands in front of a pylon.  PSHENT. . The Crown of upper and lower Egypt, the red crown and the white crown put together to represent a unified Egypt. Although Egypt was not always a unified nation it was stronger that way.Therefore unification was desirable. Narmer (Menes), the founder of the First Dynasty around 3100 B.C., was the first man recorded wearing this crown.  PTAH. . He is a creator god. The patron of architects, artists and sculptors. It was Ptah who built the boats for the souls of the dead to use in the afterlife.

PYLON. . From the Greek word meaning “gate” It is a monumental entrance wall of a temple. Pylons are the largest and least essential parts of a temple that is usually built last. Some temples have more then one set, the temple at Karnak has 10 Pylons.

PYRAMIDION. . Capstone of a pyramid or the top of an obelisk. The pyramidion was decorated and became a symbolic object that was the focal point of the small brick pyramids of private tombs.  PYRAMID TEXTS. . Texts on the walls of the pyramids of the end of the 5th through 8th Dynasties.

Q

R

RA. . From very early times Ra was a sun god. He took on many of the attributes and even the names of other gods as Egyptian myths evolved.  He is often pictured as a hawk or as a hawk headed man with a solar disk encircled by a uraeus on his head. He is often pictured wearing the double crown of upper and lower Egypt.  ROCK-CUT TOMB. . Method of excavating tombs that begun during the Middle Kingdom. The burials in the Valley of the Kings are perhaps the best known Rock-cut tombs.

S

SA. . The Sa was a symbol of protection. Its origins are uncertain, but it is speculated that it represents either a rolled up herdsman’s shelter or a papyrus life-preserver used by ancient egyptian boaters.  Either way it is clearly a symbol of protection. From early times the Sa plays an important part in jewelry design. It is often used in conjunction with symbols, particularly the ankh, was and djed signs. We often find Taurt, the hippopotamus goddess of childbirth, resting her paw on a standing Sa sign.

SAFF TOMB. . An Arabic word that means “row”, it describes the rock-cut tombs of the early 11th Dynasty that consisted of a row of openings on the hillside.

SARCOPHAGUS . . From the Greek word meaning; “flesh eater”. It was the name given to the stone container within which the coffins and mummy were placed.

SCARAB . . The dung-rolling beetle was, to the ancient Egyptians, a symbol of regeneration and spontaneous creation, as it seemed to emerge from nowhere; in fact it came from eggs previously laid in the sand.  Seals and amulets in scarab form were very common and were thought to possess magic powers.

SED FESTIVAL. . This is ritual meant to show royal regeneration. It was traditionally celebrated after 30 years of a king’s reign. It is a scene usually found decorating the mortuary temples of the king.  SEKHEM. . A symbol of authority.

SEKHET-AANRU. . This mythical place was originally called the “Field of the Aanru plants” It was believed to be islands in the Delta where the souls of the dead lived. This was the abode of the god Osiris, who bestowed goodness upon his followers, and here the dead could lead a new existence complete with an abundance of food of every kind. The Sekhet-Aanru is in the “Fields of Peace”.  SEKHET-HETEPET. . According to the Osiris cults the Fields of Peace was the desired location of the deceased. They would join with their god, Osiris and become a khu, drink, plow, reap, fight, make love, never be in a state of servitude and always be in a position of authority.  SEKHMET. . A lion headed goddess. As a sun goddess she represents the scorching, burning, destructive heat of the sun. She was a fierce goddess of war, the destroyer of the enemies of Ra and Osiris.  SEPAT. . The ancient Egyptian term for an administrative province of Egypt. See also NOME.

SESEN. . A lotus flower. This is a symbol of the sun, of creation and rebirth. Because at night the flower closes and sinks underwater, at dawn it rises and opens again. According to one creation myth it was a giant lotus which first rose out of the watery chaos at the beginning of time. From this giant lotus the sun itself rose on the first day.  SET AMENTET. . This means “the mountain of the underworld,” a common name for the cemeteries were in the mountains or desert on the western bank of the Nile.

SETH. . Early in Egyptian history, Seth is spoken of in terms of reverence as the god of wind and storms. He was even known as the Lord of Upper Egypt. Later he became the god of evil.  SHAWABTI . . See USHABTI.

SHE. . A pool of water. The Egyptians believed water was the primeval matter from which aII creation began. Life in Egypt’s desert climate depended on water, and a pool of water would be a great luxury. There are many tomb paintings that show the deceased drinking from a pool in the afterlife.

SHEN. . A loop of rope that has no beginning and no end, it symbolized eternity. The shen also seems to be a symbol of protection. It is often seen being clutched by deities in bird form, Horus the falcon, Mut the vulture. Hovering over Pharaohs head with their wings outstretched in a gesture of protection. The word shen comes from the word “shenu” which means “encircle,” and in its elongated form became the cartouche which surrounded the king’s name.

SISTRUM. . The sistrum was a sacred noise-making instrument used in the cult of Hathor. The sistrum consisted of a wooden or metal frame fitted with loose strips of metal and disks which jingled when moved. This noise was thought to attract the attention of the gods. There are two types of sistrum, an iba, was shaped in a simple loop, like a closed horse-shoe with loose cross bars of metal above a Hathor head and a long handle. The seseshet had the shape of a naos temple above a Hathor head, with ornamental loops on the sides. The rattle was inside the box of the naos. They were usually carried by women of high rank.  SOBEK. . A crocodile-headed god. Admired and feared for his ferocity. At the command of Ra, He performed tasks such as catching with a net the four sons of Horus as they emerged from the waters in a lotus bloom.  SPHINX. . A figure with the body of a lion and the head of a man, hawk or a ram.

STELA. . A stone slab, sometimes wood, decorated with paintings, reliefs or texts. They usually commemorate an event.

T

TALATAT. . This Arabic word means “three handbreadths”. It is used to describe the typical stone building blocks of temples of Akhenaten, they are decorated with scenes in the Amarna style. They have been found reused at a number of other building sites.  TAURT. . A goddess who protected pregnant woman and infants. Also protectress of rebirth into the afterlife. She is pictured as a pregnant hippopotamus with human breasts, the hind legs of a lioness and the tail of a crocodile.

THEBAN TRIAD. . This consist of the gods Amun, his wife Mut, and their son Khons.

THOTH. . An ibis headed god. Thoth was said to be mighty in knowledge and divine speech. The inventer of spoken and written language. As the lord of books he was the scribe of the gods and patron of all scribes.  He is credited with inventing astronomy, geometry, and medicine. Thoth was the measurer of the earth and the counter of the stars, the keeper and recorder of all knowledge. It was Thoth who was believed to have written important religious texts such as The Book of the Dead.  TIET. . The exact origin of the tiet is unknown. In many respects it resembles an ankh except that its arms curve down. Its meaning is also reminiscent of the ankh, it is often translated to mean welfare or life.  As early as the Third Dynasty we find the tiet being used as decoration when it appears with both the ankh and the djed column, and later with the was scepter. The tiet is associated with Isis and is often called “the knot of Isis” or “the blood of Isis.” It seems to be called “the knot of Isis” because it resembles a knot used to secure the garments that the gods wore. The meaning of “the blood of Isis” is more obscured but it was often used as a funerary amulet made of a red stone or glass.  In the Late Period the sign was associated with the goddesses Nephthys, Hathor, and Nut as well as with Isis. In all these cases it seems to represent the ideas of resurrection and eternal life.  TUAT. . The land of the dead. It Iies under the earth and is entered through the western horizon.

U

UDJAT . . This important symbol is named after the “sound eye” of Horus.  According to one version of the legend Seth, the god of evil intentions, snatched away the eye of Horus which then fell to pieces. Thoth found it and put it together again. The udjat was regarded as a powerful protective amulet; it is frequently found in tombs, on coffins and on the seal which was placed over the incision in the mummy through which the internal organs were removed.

UNDERWORLD BOOKS. . A textual and pictorial compositions that is found in New Kingdom tombs. It follows the daily passage of the sun god across the sky and through the underworld.

URAEUS. . A symbol of kingship. A rearing cobra was worn on the king’s forehead or crown. The cobra was associated with the “eye” of the sun.  It was a protector of the king, spitting out fire.  USHABTI. . Literally translated it means “to answer.” It is a small mummiform figure placed in tombs to do work in the afterlife on behalf of the deceased. In some tombs of the late New Kingdom whole gangs of ushabti workers were included with different tools for doing different work. A complete collection would consist of 401 Ushabti: one for each day of the year, 365 plus 36 foreman.

V

W

WAS SCEPTER. . This is a symbol of power and dominion. The Was scepter is carried by deities as a sign of their power. It is also seen being carried by kings and later by people of lesser stature in mortuary scenes.

WABET. . A place where part of purification and mummification rites took place.

WADJET. . See Udjat.

WINGED DISK. . This is a form that the god Horus Behudety (Horus of Edfu) takes in his battles with Seth. The god Thoth used his magic to turn Horus into a sun-disk with splendid outstretched wings. The goddesses Nekhbet and Uazet in the form of uraeus snakes joined him at his side. The earliest example of this image is found in the Ist Dynasty. It is used widely in architecture, on ceilings, cornices and stelae. It is an image that is often copied outside Egypt.

X

Y

Z

ZODIAC. . The Babylonian and Greek signs of the zodiac were introduced into Egypt in the Greco-Roman Period. They were adapted into Egyptian imagery and used to decorate ceilings of tombs and temples, and coffin lids.

      

 

 

Cardiff Blavatsky Archive

 

Cardiff Theosophical Archive

 

Instant Guide to Theosophy

 

Theosophy in Wales

 

Great Theosophists

 

Return to Homepage

 

 

Cardiff Theosophical Society

206 Newport Road,

Cardiff, Wales, UK, CF24 1DL.

 

 

 

Try these links for

more info about Theosophy

 

 

 

Cardiff Theosophical Society meetings are informal

and there’s always a cup of tea afterwards

 

 

Theosophy

Cardiff

The Cardiff Theosophical Society Website

 

Theosophy

Wales

The National Wales Theosophy Website

 

 

Theosophy Cardiff’s Instant Guide to Theosophy

 

Cardiff Theosophical Archive

 

Cardiff Blavatsky Archive

A Theosophy Study Resource

 

Theosophy Cardiff’s Gallery of Great Theosophists

 

Dave’s Streetwise Theosophy Boards

The Theosophy Website that welcomes

absolute beginners.

If you run a Theosophy Study Group, please

feel free to use any material on this Website

 

Wales! Wales! Theosophy Wales

The All Wales Guide to

 Getting Started in Theosophy

This is for everybody not just people in Wales

 

Theosophy Wales 2008 Changes

A new structure for the

Theosophical Movement in Wales

 

Hey Look!

Theosophy in Cardiff

 

Theosophy Cardiff Burn-Up

 

Theosophy in Wales

The Grand Tour

 

Theosophy Avalon

The Theosophy Wales

King Arthur Pages

 

Hey Look!

Theosophy in Wales

 

Ocean of Theosophy

William Quan Judge

 

Blavatsky Blogger

Independent Theosophy Blog

 

Cardiff Theosophical Order of Service

TOS

 

The Most Basic Theosophy

 Website in the Universe

A quick overview of Theosophy 

and the Theosophical Society

If you run a Theosophy Study Group you 

can use this as an introductory handout.

 

Quick Blasts of Theosophy

One liners and quick explanations

About aspects of Theosophy

 

The Blavatsky Blogger’s

Instant Guide To

Death & The Afterlife

 

 

 

 

Theosophy Donkey

 

Blavatsky Calling

The Voice of the Silence Website

 

Theosophy

Nirvana

 

Cardiff Theosophy Start-Up

A Free Intro to Theosophy

 

The Blavatsky Free State

An Independent Theosophical Republic

Links to Free Online Theosophy 

Study Resources; Courses, Writings, 

Commentaries, Forums, Blogs

 

Feelgood

 Theosophy

Visit the Feelgood Lodge

The main criteria for the inclusion of

links on this site is that they have some

relationship (however tenuous) to Theosophy

and are lightweight, amusing or entertaining.

Topics include Quantum Theory and Socks,

Dick Dastardly and Legendary Blues Singers.

 

Theosophy

The New Rock ‘n Roll

An entertaining introduction to Theosophy

 

Nothing answers questions

like Theosophy can!

The Key to Theosophy

 

Brief Theosophical Glossary

 

The Akashic Records

It’s all “water under the bridge” but everything you do

makes an imprint on the Space-Time Continuum.

 

Theosophy and Reincarnation

A selection of articles on Reincarnation

by Theosophical writers

Provided in response to the large number

of enquiries we receive on this subject

 

Theosophical Glossary

prepared by W Q Judge

 

Theosophy in the UK

 

Within the British Isles, The Adyar Theosophical Society has Groups in;

 

Bangor*Basingstoke*Billericay*Birmingham*Blackburn*Bolton*Bournemouth

Bradford*Bristol*Camberley*Cardiff*Chester*Conwy*Coventry*Dundee*Edinburgh

Folkstone*Glasgow*Grimsby*Inverness*Isle of Man*Lancaster*Leeds*Leicester

Letchworth*London*Manchester*Merseyside*Middlesborough*Newcastle upon Tyne

North Devon*Northampton*Northern Ireland*Norwich*Nottingham

Perth*Republic of Ireland*Sidmouth*Southport*Sussex*Swansea*Torbay

Tunbridge Wells*Wallasey*Warrington*Wembley*Winchester*Worthing

 

 

The South of Heaven Guide to

Theosophy and Devachan

 

The South of Heaven Guide to

Theosophy and Dreams

 

The South of Heaven Guide to

Theosophy and Angels

 

Theosophy

Aardvark

No Aardvarks were harmed in the

preparation of this Website

 

Theosophy Avalon

The Theosophy Wales

King Arthur Pages

 

Theosophy Starts Here

 

The Tooting Broadway

Underground Theosophy Website

The Spiritual Home of Urban Theosophy

 

The Mornington Crescent

Underground Theosophy Website

The Earth Base for Evolutionary Theosophy

 

__________________________

 

Your Own Theosophy Group Starts Here

A Guide to starting your own Theosophy Group

The Theosophy Wales Guide to

Starting a Theosophy Group

& of course you don’t need to live in Wales

to take advantage of this guide

 

________________________

 

The Theosophy Cardiff

Glastonbury Pages

 

Chalice Well, Glastonbury.

The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

Chalice Well, Glastonbury,

Somerset, England

 

The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

Glastonbury Abbey

 

Theosophy Cardiff’s

Glastonbury Abbey Chronology

 

The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

Glastonbury Tor

 

The Labyrinth

The Terraced Maze of Glastonbury Tor

 

Glastonbury and Joseph of Arimathea

 

The Grave of King Arthur & Guinevere

At Glastonbury Abbey

 

Views of Glastonbury High Street

 

The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

Glastonbury Bookshops

 

 

_____________________

 

 

Tekels Park

Camberley, Surrey, England GU15 - 2LF

 

 

Concerns about the fate of the wildlife as

Tekels Park is to be Sold to a Developer

 

Concerns are raised about the fate of the wildlife as

The Spiritual Retreat, Tekels Park in Camberley,

Surrey, England is to be sold to a developer.

 

Tekels Park is a 50 acre woodland park, purchased

 for the Adyar Theosophical Society in England in 1929.

In addition to concern about the park, many are

 worried about the future of the Tekels Park Deer

as they are not a protected species.

 

Anyone planning a “Spiritual” stay at the

Tekels Park Guest House should be aware of the sale.

 

There is confusion as the Theoversity moves out of 

Tekels Park to Southampton, Glastonbury & 

Chorley in Lancashire while the leadership claim

that the Theosophical Society will carry on using 

Tekels Park despite its sale to a developer

 

 

Future of Tekels Park Badgers in Doubt

Badgers have been resident

in Tekels Park for Centuries

 

Tekels Park & the Loch Ness Monster

A Satirical view of the sale of Tekels Park

in Camberley, Surrey to a developer

 

The Toff’s Guide to the Sale of Tekels Park

What the men in top hats have to

say about the sale of Tekels Park

to a developer

 

____________________________________

 

H P Blavatsky’s Heavy Duty

Theosophical Glossary

Published 1892

A B C D EFG H IJ KL M N OP QR S T UV WXYZ

 

 

Complete Theosophical Glossary in Plain Text Format

1.22MB

 

___________________________

 

Theosophy Wales Centre

The Ocean of Theosophy

By William Quan Judge

 

Theosophy Cardiff Nirvana Pages

 

National Wales Theosophy

Karma Pages

 

 

Classic Introductory Theosophy Text

A Text Book of Theosophy By C W Leadbeater

 

What Theosophy Is  From the Absolute to Man

 

The Formation of a Solar System  The Evolution of Life

 

The Constitution of Man  After Death  Reincarnation

 

The Purpose of Life  The Planetary Chains

 

The Result of Theosophical Study

 

_____________________

 

The Occult World

By Alfred Percy Sinnett

 

Preface to the American Edition    Introduction

 

Occultism and its Adepts    The Theosophical Society

 

First Occult Experiences   Teachings of Occult Philosophy

 

Later Occult Phenomena    Appendix

 

 

The Ocean of Theosophy

William Quan Judge

 

Preface    Theosophy and the Masters    General Principles

 

The Earth Chain    Body and Astral Body    Kama – Desire

 

Manas    Of Reincarnation    Reincarnation Continued

 

Karma    Kama Loka    Devachan    Cycles

 

Septenary Constitution Of Man

 

Arguments Supporting Reincarnation

 

Differentiation Of Species Missing Links

 

Psychic Laws, Forces, and Phenomena

 

Psychic Phenomena and Spiritualism

 

 

Try these if you are looking for a

local Theosophy Group or Centre

 

 

UK Listing of Theosophical Groups

 

Worldwide Directory of 

Theosophical Links

 

International Directory of 

Theosophical Societies

 

 

 

 

WALES

Pages About Wales

General pages about Wales, Welsh History

and The History of Theosophy in Wales

 

Wales is a Principality within the United Kingdom

and has an eastern border with England.

The land area is just over 8,000 square miles.

Snowdon in North Wales is the highest mountain at 3,650 feet.

The coastline is almost 750 miles long.

 The population of Wales as at the 2001 census is 2,946,200.

 

Theosophy Wales

 

Theosophy UK

 

theosophycardiff.org